2 * Asterisk -- An open source telephony toolkit.
4 * Copyright (C) 2006, Digium, Inc.
6 * Steve Murphy <murf@digium.com>
8 * See http://www.asterisk.org for more information about
9 * the Asterisk project. Please do not directly contact
10 * any of the maintainers of this project for assistance;
11 * the project provides a web site, mailing lists and IRC
12 * channels for your use.
14 * This program is free software, distributed under the terms of
15 * the GNU General Public License Version 2. See the LICENSE file
16 * at the top of the source tree.
18 #ifndef _ASTERISK_HASHTAB_H_
19 #define _ASTERISK_HASHTAB_H_
20 #define __USE_UNIX98 1 /* to get the MUTEX_RECURSIVE stuff */
23 * \brief Generic (perhaps overly so) hashtable implementation
26 /*! \page AstHash Hash Table support in Asterisk
28 A hash table is a structure that allows for an exact-match search
29 in O(1) (or close to that) time.
31 The method: given: a set of {key,val} pairs. (at a minimum).
32 given: a hash function, which, given a key,
33 will return an integer. Ideally, each key in the
34 set will have its own unique associated hash value.
35 This hash number will index into an array. "buckets"
36 are what the elements of this array are called. To
37 handle possible collisions in hash values, buckets can form a list.
39 The key for a value must be contained in the value, or we won't
40 be able to find it in the bucket list.
42 This implementation is pretty generic, because:
44 1. The value and key are expected to be in a structure
45 (along with other data, perhaps) and it's address is a "void *".
46 2. The pointer to a compare function must be passed in at the
47 time of creation, and is stored in the hashtable.
48 3. The pointer to a resize function, which returns 1 if the
49 hash table is to be grown. A default routine is provided
50 if the pointer is NULL, and uses the java hashtable metric
52 4. The pointer to a "new size" function, which returns a preferable
53 new size for the hash table bucket array. By default, a function
54 is supplied which roughly doubles the size of the array, is provided.
55 This size should ideally be a prime number.
56 5. The hashing function pointer must also be supplied. This function
57 must be written by the user to access the keys in the objects being
58 stored. Some helper functions that use a simple "mult by prime, add
59 the next char", sort of string hash, or a simple modulus of the hash
60 table size for ints, is provided; the user can use these simple
61 algorithms to generate a hash, or implement any other algorithms they
63 6. Recently updated the hash routines to use Doubly-linked lists for buckets,
64 and added a doubly-linked list that threads thru every bucket in the table.
65 The list of all buckets is on the HashTab struct. The Traversal was modified
66 to go thru this list instead of searching the bucket array for buckets.
67 This also should make it safe to remove a bucket during the traversal.
68 Removal and destruction routines will work faster.
71 struct ast_hashtab_bucket
73 const void *object; /*!< whatever it is we are storing in this table */
74 struct ast_hashtab_bucket *next; /*!< a DLL of buckets in hash collision */
75 struct ast_hashtab_bucket *prev; /*!< a DLL of buckets in hash collision */
76 struct ast_hashtab_bucket *tnext; /*!< a DLL of all the hash buckets for traversal */
77 struct ast_hashtab_bucket *tprev; /*!< a DLL of all the hash buckets for traversal */
82 struct ast_hashtab_bucket **array;
83 struct ast_hashtab_bucket *tlist; /*!< the head of a DLList of all the hashbuckets in the table (for traversal). */
85 int (*compare) (const void *a, const void *b); /*!< a ptr to func that returns int, and take two void* ptrs, compares them,
86 rets -1 if a < b; rets 0 if a==b; rets 1 if a>b */
87 int (*newsize) (struct ast_hashtab *tab); /*!< a ptr to func that returns int, a new size for hash tab, based on curr_size */
88 int (*resize) (struct ast_hashtab *tab); /*!< a function to decide whether this hashtable should be resized now */
89 unsigned int (*hash) (const void *obj); /*!< a hash func ptr for this table. Given a raw ptr to an obj,
91 int hash_tab_size; /*!< the size of the bucket array */
92 int hash_tab_elements; /*!< the number of objects currently stored in the table */
93 int largest_bucket_size; /*!< a stat on the health of the table */
94 int resize_count; /*!< a count of the number of times this table has been
96 int do_locking; /*!< if 1 use locks to guarantee safety of insertions/deletions */
97 /* this spot reserved for the proper lock storage */
98 ast_rwlock_t lock; /* is this as good as it sounds? */
101 /*! \brief an iterator for traversing the buckets */
102 struct ast_hashtab_iter
104 struct ast_hashtab *tab;
105 struct ast_hashtab_bucket *next;
109 /* some standard, default routines for general use */
112 * \brief Determines if the specified number is prime.
114 * \param num the number to test
115 * \retval 0 if the number is not prime
116 * \retval 1 if the number is prime
118 int ast_is_prime(int num);
121 * \brief Compares two strings for equality.
123 * \param a a character string
124 * \param b a character string
125 * \retval 0 if the strings match
126 * \retval <0 if string a is less than string b
127 * \retval >0 if string a is greather than string b
129 int ast_hashtab_compare_strings(const void *a, const void *b);
132 * \brief Compares two strings for equality, ignoring case.
134 * \param a a character string
135 * \param b a character string
136 * \retval 0 if the strings match
137 * \retval <0 if string a is less than string b
138 * \retval >0 if string a is greather than string b
140 int ast_hashtab_compare_strings_nocase(const void *a, const void *b);
143 * \brief Compares two integers for equality.
145 * \param a an integer pointer (int *)
146 * \param b an integer pointer (int *)
147 * \retval 0 if the integers pointed to are equal
148 * \retval 1 if a is greater than b
149 * \retval -1 if a is less than b
151 int ast_hashtab_compare_ints(const void *a, const void *b);
154 * \brief Compares two shorts for equality.
156 * \param a a short pointer (short *)
157 * \param b a short pointer (short *)
158 * \retval 0 if the shorts pointed to are equal
159 * \retval 1 if a is greater than b
160 * \retval -1 if a is less than b
162 int ast_hashtab_compare_shorts(const void *a, const void *b);
165 * \brief Determines if a table resize should occur using the Java algorithm
166 * (if the table load factor is 75% or higher).
168 * \param tab the hash table to operate on
169 * \retval 0 if the table load factor is less than or equal to 75%
170 * \retval 1 if the table load factor is greater than 75%
172 int ast_hashtab_resize_java(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
174 /*! \brief Causes a resize whenever the number of elements stored in the table
175 * exceeds the number of buckets in the table.
177 * \param tab the hash table to operate on
178 * \retval 0 if the number of elements in the table is less than or equal to
179 * the number of buckets
180 * \retval 1 if the number of elements in the table exceeds the number of
183 int ast_hashtab_resize_tight(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
186 * \brief Effectively disables resizing by always returning 0, regardless of
189 * \param tab the hash table to operate on
190 * \return 0 is always returned
192 int ast_hashtab_resize_none(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
194 /*! \brief Create a prime number roughly 2x the current table size */
195 int ast_hashtab_newsize_java(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
197 /* not yet specified, probably will return 1.5x the current table size */
198 int ast_hashtab_newsize_tight(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
200 /*! \brief always return current size -- no resizing */
201 int ast_hashtab_newsize_none(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
204 * \brief Hashes a string to a number
206 * \param obj the string to hash
207 * \return Integer hash of the specified string
208 * \sa ast_hashtable_hash_string_nocase
209 * \sa ast_hashtab_hash_string_sax
210 * \note A modulus will be applied to the return value of this function
212 unsigned int ast_hashtab_hash_string(const void *obj);
215 * \brief Hashes a string to a number ignoring case
217 * \param obj the string to hash
218 * \return Integer hash of the specified string
219 * \sa ast_hashtable_hash_string
220 * \sa ast_hashtab_hash_string_sax
221 * \note A modulus will be applied to the return value of this function
223 unsigned int ast_hashtab_hash_string_nocase(const void *obj);
226 * \brief Hashes a string to a number using a modified Shift-And-XOR algorithm
228 * \param obj the string to hash
229 * \return Integer has of the specified string
230 * \sa ast_hastable_hash_string
231 * \sa ast_hastable_hash_string_nocase
233 unsigned int ast_hashtab_hash_string_sax(const void *obj);
236 unsigned int ast_hashtab_hash_int(const int num); /* right now, both these funcs are just result = num%modulus; */
239 unsigned int ast_hashtab_hash_short(const short num);
243 * \brief Create the hashtable list
244 * \param initial_buckets starting number of buckets
245 * \param compare a func ptr to compare two elements in the hash -- cannot be null
246 * \param resize a func ptr to decide if the table needs to be resized, a NULL ptr here will cause a default to be used
247 * \param newsize a func ptr that returns a new size of the array. A NULL will cause a default to be used
248 * \param hash a func ptr to do the hashing
249 * \param do_locking use locks to guarantee safety of iterators/insertion/deletion -- real simpleminded right now
251 #if (defined(MALLOC_DEBUG) && !defined(STANDALONE))
252 struct ast_hashtab * _ast_hashtab_create(int initial_buckets,
253 int (*compare)(const void *a, const void *b),
254 int (*resize)(struct ast_hashtab *),
255 int (*newsize)(struct ast_hashtab *tab),
256 unsigned int (*hash)(const void *obj),
257 int do_locking, const char *file, int lineno, const char *function);
258 #define ast_hashtab_create(a,b,c,d,e,f) _ast_hashtab_create(a,b,c,d,e,f,__FILE__,__LINE__,__PRETTY_FUNCTION__)
260 struct ast_hashtab * ast_hashtab_create(int initial_buckets,
261 int (*compare)(const void *a, const void *b),
262 int (*resize)(struct ast_hashtab *),
263 int (*newsize)(struct ast_hashtab *tab),
264 unsigned int (*hash)(const void *obj),
269 * \brief This func will free the hash table and all its memory.
270 * \note It doesn't touch the objects stored in it, unless you
271 * specify a destroy func; it will call that func for each
272 * object in the hashtab, remove all the objects, and then
273 * free the hashtab itself. If no destroyfunc is specified
274 * then the routine will assume you will free it yourself.
276 * \param objdestroyfunc
278 void ast_hashtab_destroy( struct ast_hashtab *tab, void (*objdestroyfunc)(void *obj));
282 * \brief Insert without checking
286 * Normally, you'd insert "safely" by checking to see if the element is
287 * already there; in this case, you must already have checked. If an element
288 * is already in the hashtable, that matches this one, most likely this one
289 * will be found first.
290 * \note will force a resize if the resize func returns 1
291 * \retval 1 on success
292 * \retval 0 if there's a problem
294 #if (defined(MALLOC_DEBUG) && !defined(STANDALONE))
295 int _ast_hashtab_insert_immediate(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const void *obj, const char *file, int lineno, const char *func);
296 #define ast_hashtab_insert_immediate(a,b) _ast_hashtab_insert_immediate(a, b, __FILE__, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__)
298 int ast_hashtab_insert_immediate(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const void *obj);
302 * \brief Insert without checking, hashing or locking
305 * \param h hashed index value
307 * \note Will force a resize if the resize func returns 1
308 * \retval 1 on success
309 * \retval 0 if there's a problem
311 #if (defined(MALLOC_DEBUG) && !defined(STANDALONE))
312 int _ast_hashtab_insert_immediate_bucket(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const void *obj, unsigned int h, const char *file, int lineno, const char *func);
313 #define ast_hashtab_insert_immediate_bucket(a,b,c) _ast_hashtab_insert_immediate_bucket(a, b, c, __FILE__, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__)
315 int ast_hashtab_insert_immediate_bucket(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const void *obj, unsigned int h);
319 * \brief Check and insert new object only if it is not there.
320 * \note Will force a resize if the resize func returns 1
321 * \retval 1 on success
322 * \retval 0 if there's a problem, or it's already there.
324 #if (defined(MALLOC_DEBUG) && !defined(STANDALONE))
325 int _ast_hashtab_insert_safe(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const void *obj, const char *file, int lineno, const char *func);
326 #define ast_hashtab_insert_safe(a,b) _ast_hashtab_insert_safe(a,b,__FILE__, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__)
328 int ast_hashtab_insert_safe(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const void *obj);
332 * \brief Lookup this object in the hash table.
335 * \retval a ptr if found
336 * \retval NULL if not found
338 void * ast_hashtab_lookup(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const void *obj);
341 * \brief Use this if have the hash val for the object
342 * \note This and avoid the recalc of the hash (the modulus (table_size) is not applied)
344 void * ast_hashtab_lookup_with_hash(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const void *obj, unsigned int hashval);
347 * \brief Similar to ast_hashtab_lookup but sets h to the key hash value if the lookup fails.
348 * \note This has the modulus applied, and will not be useful for long term storage if the table is resizable.
350 void * ast_hashtab_lookup_bucket(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const void *obj, unsigned int *h);
352 /*! \brief Returns key stats for the table */
353 void ast_hashtab_get_stats( struct ast_hashtab *tab, int *biggest_bucket_size, int *resize_count, int *num_objects, int *num_buckets);
355 /*! \brief Returns the number of elements stored in the hashtab */
356 int ast_hashtab_size( struct ast_hashtab *tab);
358 /*! \brief Returns the size of the bucket array in the hashtab */
359 int ast_hashtab_capacity( struct ast_hashtab *tab);
361 /*! \brief Return a copy of the hash table */
362 #if (defined(MALLOC_DEBUG) && !defined(STANDALONE))
363 struct ast_hashtab *_ast_hashtab_dup(struct ast_hashtab *tab, void *(*obj_dup_func)(const void *obj), const char *file, int lineno, const char *func);
364 #define ast_hashtab_dup(a,b) _ast_hashtab_dup(a,b,__FILE__,__LINE__,__PRETTY_FUNCTION__)
366 struct ast_hashtab *ast_hashtab_dup(struct ast_hashtab *tab, void *(*obj_dup_func)(const void *obj));
369 /*! \brief Gives an iterator to hastable */
370 #if (defined(MALLOC_DEBUG) && !defined(STANDALONE))
371 struct ast_hashtab_iter *_ast_hashtab_start_traversal(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const char *file, int lineno, const char *func);
372 #define ast_hashtab_start_traversal(a) _ast_hashtab_start_traversal(a,__FILE__,__LINE__,__PRETTY_FUNCTION__)
374 struct ast_hashtab_iter *ast_hashtab_start_traversal(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
377 /*! \brief end the traversal, free the iterator, unlock if necc. */
378 void ast_hashtab_end_traversal(struct ast_hashtab_iter *it);
380 /*! \brief Gets the next object in the list, advances iter one step returns null on end of traversal */
381 void *ast_hashtab_next(struct ast_hashtab_iter *it);
383 /*! \brief Looks up the object, removes the corresponding bucket */
384 void *ast_hashtab_remove_object_via_lookup(struct ast_hashtab *tab, void *obj);
386 /*! \brief Hash the object and then compare ptrs in bucket list instead of
387 calling the compare routine, will remove the bucket */
388 void *ast_hashtab_remove_this_object(struct ast_hashtab *tab, void *obj);
390 /* ------------------ */
391 /* for lock-enabled traversals with ability to remove an object during the traversal*/
392 /* ------------------ */
394 /*! \brief Gives an iterator to hastable */
395 #if (defined(MALLOC_DEBUG) && !defined(STANDALONE))
396 struct ast_hashtab_iter *_ast_hashtab_start_write_traversal(struct ast_hashtab *tab, const char *file, int lineno, const char *func);
397 #define ast_hashtab_start_write_traversal(a) _ast_hashtab_start_write_traversal(a,__FILE__,__LINE__,__PRETTY_FUNCTION__)
399 struct ast_hashtab_iter *ast_hashtab_start_write_traversal(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
402 /*! \brief Looks up the object, removes the corresponding bucket */
403 void *ast_hashtab_remove_object_via_lookup_nolock(struct ast_hashtab *tab, void *obj);
405 /*! \brief Hash the object and then compare ptrs in bucket list instead of
406 calling the compare routine, will remove the bucket */
407 void *ast_hashtab_remove_this_object_nolock(struct ast_hashtab *tab, void *obj);
409 /* ------------------ */
410 /* ------------------ */
412 /* user-controlled hashtab locking. Create a hashtab without locking, then call the
413 following locking routines yourself to lock the table between threads. */
415 /*! \brief Call this after you create the table to init the lock */
416 void ast_hashtab_initlock(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
417 /*! \brief Request a write-lock on the table. */
418 void ast_hashtab_wrlock(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
419 /*! \brief Request a read-lock on the table -- don't change anything! */
420 void ast_hashtab_rdlock(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
421 /*! \brief release a read- or write- lock. */
422 void ast_hashtab_unlock(struct ast_hashtab *tab);
423 /*! \brief Call this before you destroy the table. */
424 void ast_hashtab_destroylock(struct ast_hashtab *tab);