2 * astobj2 - replacement containers for asterisk data structures.
4 * Copyright (C) 2006 Marta Carbone, Luigi Rizzo - Univ. di Pisa, Italy
6 * See http://www.asterisk.org for more information about
7 * the Asterisk project. Please do not directly contact
8 * any of the maintainers of this project for assistance;
9 * the project provides a web site, mailing lists and IRC
10 * channels for your use.
12 * This program is free software, distributed under the terms of
13 * the GNU General Public License Version 2. See the LICENSE file
14 * at the top of the source tree.
18 * Function implementing astobj2 objects.
22 ASTERISK_FILE_VERSION(__FILE__, "$Revision$")
24 #include "asterisk/astobj2.h"
25 #include "asterisk/utils.h"
26 #include "asterisk/cli.h"
29 * astobj2 objects are always prepended this data structure,
30 * which contains a lock, a reference counter,
31 * the flags and a pointer to a destructor.
32 * The refcount is used to decide when it is time to
33 * invoke the destructor.
34 * The magic number is used for consistency check.
35 * XXX the lock is not always needed, and its initialization may be
36 * expensive. Consider making it external.
41 ao2_destructor_fn destructor_fn;
44 /*! magic number. This is used to verify that a pointer passed in is a
49 #define AO2_MAGIC 0xa570b123
52 * What an astobj2 object looks like: fixed-size private data
53 * followed by variable-size user data.
56 struct __priv_data priv_data;
61 volatile int total_objects;
62 volatile int total_mem;
63 volatile int total_containers;
64 volatile int total_refs;
65 volatile int total_locked;
68 static struct ao2_stats ao2;
70 #ifndef HAVE_BKTR /* backtrace support */
73 #include <execinfo.h> /* for backtrace */
82 c = backtrace(addresses, N1);
83 strings = backtrace_symbols(addresses,c);
84 ast_verbose("backtrace returned: %d\n", c);
85 for(i = 0; i < c; i++) {
86 ast_verbose("%d: %p %s\n", i, addresses[i], strings[i]);
93 * \brief convert from a pointer _p to a user-defined object
95 * \return the pointer to the astobj2 structure
97 static inline struct astobj2 *INTERNAL_OBJ(void *user_data)
102 ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "user_data is NULL\n");
106 p = (struct astobj2 *) ((char *) user_data - sizeof(*p));
107 if (AO2_MAGIC != (p->priv_data.magic) ) {
108 ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "bad magic number 0x%x for %p\n", p->priv_data.magic, p);
116 * \brief convert from a pointer _p to an astobj2 object
118 * \return the pointer to the user-defined portion.
120 #define EXTERNAL_OBJ(_p) ((_p) == NULL ? NULL : (_p)->user_data)
122 int ao2_lock(void *user_data)
124 struct astobj2 *p = INTERNAL_OBJ(user_data);
129 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_locked, 1);
131 return ast_mutex_lock(&p->priv_data.lock);
134 int ao2_unlock(void *user_data)
136 struct astobj2 *p = INTERNAL_OBJ(user_data);
141 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_locked, -1);
143 return ast_mutex_unlock(&p->priv_data.lock);
147 * The argument is a pointer to the user portion.
149 int ao2_ref(void *user_data, const int delta)
153 struct astobj2 *obj = INTERNAL_OBJ(user_data);
158 /* if delta is 0, just return the refcount */
160 return (obj->priv_data.ref_counter);
162 /* we modify with an atomic operation the reference counter */
163 ret = ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&obj->priv_data.ref_counter, delta);
164 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_refs, delta);
165 current_value = ret + delta;
167 /* this case must never happen */
168 if (current_value < 0)
169 ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "refcount %d on object %p\n", current_value, user_data);
171 if (current_value <= 0) { /* last reference, destroy the object */
172 if (obj->priv_data.destructor_fn != NULL)
173 obj->priv_data.destructor_fn(user_data);
175 ast_mutex_destroy(&obj->priv_data.lock);
176 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_mem, - obj->priv_data.data_size);
177 /* for safety, zero-out the astobj2 header and also the
178 * first word of the user-data, which we make sure is always
180 bzero(obj, sizeof(struct astobj2 *) + sizeof(void *) );
182 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_objects, -1);
189 * We always alloc at least the size of a void *,
190 * for debugging purposes.
192 void *ao2_alloc(size_t data_size, ao2_destructor_fn destructor_fn)
197 if (data_size < sizeof(void *))
198 data_size = sizeof(void *);
200 obj = ast_calloc(1, sizeof(*obj) + data_size);
205 ast_mutex_init(&obj->priv_data.lock);
206 obj->priv_data.magic = AO2_MAGIC;
207 obj->priv_data.data_size = data_size;
208 obj->priv_data.ref_counter = 1;
209 obj->priv_data.destructor_fn = destructor_fn; /* can be NULL */
210 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_objects, 1);
211 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_mem, data_size);
212 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_refs, 1);
214 /* return a pointer to the user data */
215 return EXTERNAL_OBJ(obj);
218 /* internal callback to destroy a container. */
219 static void container_destruct(void *c);
221 /* each bucket in the container is a tailq. */
222 AST_LIST_HEAD_NOLOCK(bucket, bucket_list);
225 * A container; stores the hash and callback functions, information on
226 * the size, the hash bucket heads, and a version number, starting at 0
227 * (for a newly created, empty container)
228 * and incremented every time an object is inserted or deleted.
229 * The assumption is that an object is never moved in a container,
230 * but removed and readded with the new number.
231 * The version number is especially useful when implementing iterators.
232 * In fact, we can associate a unique, monotonically increasing number to
233 * each object, which means that, within an iterator, we can store the
234 * version number of the current object, and easily look for the next one,
235 * which is the next one in the list with a higher number.
236 * Since all objects have a version >0, we can use 0 as a marker for
237 * 'we need the first object in the bucket'.
239 * \todo Linking and unlink objects is typically expensive, as it
240 * involves a malloc() of a small object which is very inefficient.
241 * To optimize this, we allocate larger arrays of bucket_list's
242 * when we run out of them, and then manage our own freelist.
243 * This will be more efficient as we can do the freelist management while
244 * we hold the lock (that we need anyways).
246 struct __ao2_container {
248 ao2_callback_fn cmp_fn;
250 /*! Number of elements in the container */
252 /*! described above */
255 struct bucket buckets[0];
259 * \brief always zero hash function
261 * it is convenient to have a hash function that always returns 0.
262 * This is basically used when we want to have a container that is
263 * a simple linked list.
267 static int hash_zero(const void *user_obj, const int flags)
273 * A container is just an object, after all!
276 ao2_container_alloc(const uint n_buckets, ao2_hash_fn hash_fn,
277 ao2_callback_fn cmp_fn)
279 /* XXX maybe consistency check on arguments ? */
280 /* compute the container size */
281 size_t container_size = sizeof(ao2_container) + n_buckets * sizeof(struct bucket);
283 ao2_container *c = ao2_alloc(container_size, container_destruct);
288 c->version = 1; /* 0 is a reserved value here */
289 c->n_buckets = n_buckets;
290 c->hash_fn = hash_fn ? hash_fn : hash_zero;
292 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_containers, 1);
298 * return the number of elements in the container
300 int ao2_container_count(ao2_container *c)
306 * A structure to create a linked list of entries,
307 * used within a bucket.
308 * XXX \todo this should be private to the container code
311 AST_LIST_ENTRY(bucket_list) entry;
313 struct astobj2 *astobj; /* pointer to internal data */
317 * link an object to a container
319 void *ao2_link(ao2_container *c, void *user_data)
322 /* create a new list entry */
323 struct bucket_list *p;
324 struct astobj2 *obj = INTERNAL_OBJ(user_data);
329 if (INTERNAL_OBJ(c) == NULL)
332 p = ast_calloc(1, sizeof(*p));
336 i = c->hash_fn(user_data, OBJ_POINTER);
341 p->version = ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&c->version, 1);
342 AST_LIST_INSERT_TAIL(&c->buckets[i], p, entry);
343 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&c->elements, 1);
350 * \brief another convenience function is a callback that matches on address
352 static int match_by_addr(void *user_data, void *arg, int flags)
354 return (user_data == arg) ? (CMP_MATCH | CMP_STOP) : 0;
358 * Unlink an object from the container
359 * and destroy the associated * ao2_bucket_list structure.
361 void *ao2_unlink(ao2_container *c, void *user_data)
363 if (INTERNAL_OBJ(user_data) == NULL) /* safety check on the argument */
366 ao2_callback(c, OBJ_UNLINK | OBJ_POINTER | OBJ_NODATA, match_by_addr, user_data);
372 * \brief special callback that matches all
374 static int cb_true(void *user_data, void *arg, int flags)
380 * Browse the container using different stategies accoding the flags.
381 * \return Is a pointer to an object or to a list of object if OBJ_MULTIPLE is
384 void *ao2_callback(ao2_container *c,
385 const enum search_flags flags,
386 ao2_callback_fn cb_fn, void *arg)
388 int i, last; /* search boundaries */
391 if (INTERNAL_OBJ(c) == NULL) /* safety check on the argument */
394 if ((flags & (OBJ_MULTIPLE | OBJ_NODATA)) == OBJ_MULTIPLE) {
395 ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "multiple data return not implemented yet (flags %x)\n", flags);
399 /* override the match function if necessary */
401 /* Removing this slightly changes the meaning of OBJ_POINTER, but makes it
402 * do what I want it to. I'd like to hint to ao2_callback that the arg is
403 * of the same object type, so it can be passed to the hash function.
404 * However, I don't want to imply that this is the object being searched for. */
405 if (flags & OBJ_POINTER)
406 cb_fn = match_by_addr;
409 if (cb_fn == NULL) /* if NULL, match everything */
412 * XXX this can be optimized.
413 * If we have a hash function and lookup by pointer,
414 * run the hash function. Otherwise, scan the whole container
415 * (this only for the time being. We need to optimize this.)
417 if ((flags & OBJ_POINTER)) /* we know hash can handle this case */
418 i = c->hash_fn(arg, flags & OBJ_POINTER) % c->n_buckets;
419 else /* don't know, let's scan all buckets */
420 i = -1; /* XXX this must be fixed later. */
422 /* determine the search boundaries: i..last-1 */
430 ao2_lock(c); /* avoid modifications to the content */
432 for (; i < last ; i++) {
433 /* scan the list with prev-cur pointers */
434 struct bucket_list *cur;
436 AST_LIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_BEGIN(&c->buckets[i], cur, entry) {
437 int match = cb_fn(EXTERNAL_OBJ(cur->astobj), arg, flags) & (CMP_MATCH | CMP_STOP);
439 /* we found the object, performing operations according flags */
440 if (match == 0) { /* no match, no stop, continue */
442 } else if (match == CMP_STOP) { /* no match but stop, we are done */
446 /* we have a match (CMP_MATCH) here */
447 if (!(flags & OBJ_NODATA)) { /* if must return the object, record the value */
448 /* it is important to handle this case before the unlink */
449 ret = EXTERNAL_OBJ(cur->astobj);
453 if (flags & OBJ_UNLINK) { /* must unlink */
454 struct bucket_list *x = cur;
456 /* we are going to modify the container, so update version */
457 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&c->version, 1);
458 AST_LIST_REMOVE_CURRENT(&c->buckets[i], entry);
459 /* update number of elements and version */
460 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&c->elements, -1);
461 ao2_ref(EXTERNAL_OBJ(x->astobj), -1);
462 free(x); /* free the link record */
465 if ((match & CMP_STOP) || (flags & OBJ_MULTIPLE) == 0) {
466 /* We found the only match we need */
467 i = last; /* force exit from outer loop */
470 if (!(flags & OBJ_NODATA)) {
471 #if 0 /* XXX to be completed */
473 * This is the multiple-return case. We need to link
474 * the object in a list. The refcount is already increased.
479 AST_LIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_END
486 * the find function just invokes the default callback with some reasonable flags.
488 void *ao2_find(ao2_container *c, void *arg, enum search_flags flags)
490 return ao2_callback(c, flags, c->cmp_fn, arg);
494 * initialize an iterator so we start from the first object
496 ao2_iterator ao2_iterator_init(ao2_container *c, int flags)
507 * move to the next element in the container.
509 void * ao2_iterator_next(ao2_iterator *a)
512 struct bucket_list *p = NULL;
514 if (INTERNAL_OBJ(a->c) == NULL)
517 if (!(a->flags & F_AO2I_DONTLOCK))
520 /* optimization. If the container is unchanged and
521 * we have a pointer, try follow it
523 if (a->c->version == a->c_version && (p = a->obj) ) {
524 if ( (p = AST_LIST_NEXT(p, entry)) )
526 /* nope, start from the next bucket */
532 lim = a->c->n_buckets;
534 /* Browse the buckets array, moving to the next
535 * buckets if we don't find the entry in the current one.
536 * Stop when we find an element with version number greater
537 * than the current one (we reset the version to 0 when we
540 for (; a->bucket < lim; a->bucket++, a->version = 0) {
541 /* scan the current bucket */
542 AST_LIST_TRAVERSE(&a->c->buckets[a->bucket], p, entry) {
543 if (p->version > a->version)
550 a->version = p->version;
552 a->c_version = a->c->version;
553 /* inc refcount of returned object */
554 ao2_ref(EXTERNAL_OBJ(p->astobj), 1);
557 if (!(a->flags & F_AO2I_DONTLOCK))
560 return p ? EXTERNAL_OBJ(p->astobj) : NULL;
563 /* callback for destroying container.
564 * we can make it simple as we know what it does
566 static int cd_cb(void *obj, void *arg, int flag)
572 static void container_destruct(void *_c)
574 ao2_container *c = _c;
576 ao2_callback(c, OBJ_UNLINK, cd_cb, NULL);
577 ast_atomic_fetchadd_int(&ao2.total_containers, -1);
580 static int print_cb(void *obj, void *arg, int flag)
583 char *s = (char *)obj;
585 ast_cli(*fd, "string <%s>\n", s);
592 static int handle_astobj2_stats(int fd, int argc, char *argv[])
594 ast_cli(fd, "Objects : %d\n", ao2.total_objects);
595 ast_cli(fd, "Containers : %d\n", ao2.total_containers);
596 ast_cli(fd, "Memory : %d\n", ao2.total_mem);
597 ast_cli(fd, "Locked : %d\n", ao2.total_locked);
598 ast_cli(fd, "Refs : %d\n", ao2.total_refs);
603 * This is testing code for astobj
605 static int handle_astobj2_test(int fd, int argc, char *argv[])
610 static int prof_id = -1;
613 prof_id = ast_add_profile("ao2_alloc", 0);
615 ast_cli(fd, "argc %d argv %s %s %s\n", argc, argv[0], argv[1], argv[2]);
617 ast_cli(fd, "called astobj_test\n");
619 handle_astobj2_stats(fd, 0, NULL);
621 * allocate a container with no default callback, and no hash function.
622 * No hash means everything goes in the same bucket.
624 c1 = ao2_container_alloc(100, NULL /* no callback */, NULL /* no hash */);
625 ast_cli(fd, "container allocated as %p\n", c1);
628 * fill the container with objects.
629 * ao2_alloc() gives us a reference which we pass to the
630 * container when we do the insert.
632 for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) {
633 ast_mark(prof_id, 1 /* start */);
634 obj = ao2_alloc(80, NULL);
635 ast_mark(prof_id, 0 /* stop */);
636 ast_cli(fd, "object %d allocated as %p\n", i, obj);
637 sprintf(obj, "-- this is obj %d --", i);
640 ast_cli(fd, "testing callbacks\n");
641 ao2_callback(c1, 0, print_cb, &fd);
643 ast_cli(fd, "testing iterators, remove every second object\n");
648 ai = ao2_iterator_init(c1, 0);
649 while ( (obj = ao2_iterator_next(&ai)) ) {
650 ast_cli(fd, "iterator on <%s>\n", obj);
655 ast_cli(fd, "testing iterators again\n");
656 ai = ao2_iterator_init(c1, 0);
657 while ( (obj = ao2_iterator_next(&ai)) ) {
658 ast_cli(fd, "iterator on <%s>\n", obj);
662 ast_cli(fd, "testing callbacks again\n");
663 ao2_callback(c1, 0, print_cb, &fd);
665 ast_verbose("now you should see an error message:\n");
666 ao2_ref(&i, -1); /* i is not a valid object so we print an error here */
668 ast_cli(fd, "destroy container\n");
669 ao2_ref(c1, -1); /* destroy container */
670 handle_astobj2_stats(fd, 0, NULL);
674 static struct ast_cli_entry cli_astobj2[] = {
675 { { "astobj2", "stats", NULL },
676 handle_astobj2_stats, "Print astobj2 statistics", },
677 { { "astobj2", "test", NULL } , handle_astobj2_test, "Test astobj2", },
680 int astobj2_init(void);
681 int astobj2_init(void)
683 ast_cli_register_multiple(cli_astobj2, ARRAY_LEN(cli_astobj2));